1. Planning  

• Assessment
  Begin by identifying who requires access, what resources are needed, and the purpose. Document existing access rights and assess whether they can be reduced or eliminated. Consider using an entitlement discovery tool for enhanced visibility.  
• Policy creation
  Formulate clear policies for granting and revoking access. Include guidelines on who can request access, under what circumstances, and for how long. Especially for elevated roles, define time-bound parameters.  
• Source of truth
  Integrate your JIT access system with an Identity Provider (for example, Okta, Google Workspace, Azure AD, OneLogin). This will serve as the definitive source for identities. Use individual identifiers over shared accounts for improved authorization control and audit precision.

2. Execution  

• Self-serve access requests
  Make the process easier by allowing users to request access through the system, rather than through individuals. Boost adoption rates by pairing it with IM platforms like Slack or MS Teams. Ensure that requests detail who is requesting, the desired service/resource/role, duration, and reason.

• Approval process
  JIT access provides an opportunity for organizations to assign approvals to people with business context. Resource owners and business unit managers are often more knowledgeable of context than IT helpdesks. Utilize messaging platforms for quick responses, providing approvers all necessary information for an informed decision.  

• Conditional approval workflows
  Incorporate your established policies into workflows that dictate access permissions. Apply them to workflows that govern who can access what, under what conditions. One effective method is by setting up if-then conditions. IF identity group “X” requests access to “Y”, require approval from “Z” and inform “M”.

• Integrations
  Consider integrating JIT Access with other IT and security systems to gain more flexibility. Link it with IT ticketing systems for automated access based on ticket status. Connect with data classification systems to modify policies based on data sensitivity. Ideally, resource tagging and bundling can streamline this procedure. Coordinate with on-call schedule software for automated approvals during urgent situations. Make use of training systems to provide access upon successful training completion.
• Automated provisioning and deprovisioning
  Gain an in-depth understanding of Coupa, to grant and retract access automatically within the service, with precision. Implementing this is crucial for JIT Access as it eliminates the reliance on waiting for personnel. This feature also allows for automatic deprovisioning of access, central to JIT access and the principle of least privilege access (POLP).
• Access methods
  For Coupa JIT Access, APIs are recommended due to their flexibility and real-time capacities. However, a mix might be required. For instance, using SAML for authentication, SCIM for user provisioning, and APIs for exact access control decisions.

3. Maintenance  ‍

• Regular audits
  Perform regular checks on access logs to confirm that JIT access is functioning as planned. Look for any unusual patterns or behavior either directly or by analyzing the logs in your SIEM.
• User training
  Train users, particularly those with elevated roles, on the importance and operations of least privilege and JIT Access. Make sure users are aware of how to request access when required.
• Feedback loop
  Establish a consistent review of your JIT access procedures. Seek feedback from users and IT staff to comprehend where enhancements can be made.

Following this structured approach will enable you efficiently to develop a strong Just-in-Time Access system for Coupa.